学位论文

论植物景观设计的发展趋势

王春沐

摘要：园林植物是景观要素中重要的自然要素,它是有生命的，不断生长变化的，而且它与其它自然要素之间存在着密切联系并相互作用着。论文研究了目前园艺、盆栽和自然乡土植物景观三个设计方向和规则式、自然式园林形式的设计方向，发现了各个设计方向存在的问题和可取之处。本文从历史发展的角度总结了中外传统园林中植物景观风格和形式的发展过程; 运用比较分析、归纳总结和案例分析等方法，分析了以图片和作者考察的照片作为感性认识的材料。论述了古代园林、中世纪园林、文艺复兴园林、法国古典主义园林、风景式园林、风景园艺式园林、现代自然化园林植物景观设计中的设计观念、景观类型、设计方法的演变过程，以此为基础，分析可取之处作为今后发展的基础。追溯影响植物景观设计发展的科学技术和自然观等主客观因素，阐明植物景观设计发展的推动力是自然观深化、科学技术进步与艺术水平的提高。论文提出现代科学技术引入后的植物景观设计的新的方向，即从自然地理学、生态学等多学科角度拓展植物景观设计的研究层面。剖析生态的实质是与环境的关系，提出植物景观应能反映地域、自然、生态环境的特征；重点强调植物景观的自然属性及功能，旨在拓展我国园林中植物景观设计的科学内涵。引入生态学中生境的概念，使其成为新的设计观念；在自然地理学中水土条件与植物的密切相关，提出应将三者作为一个整体研究体系的设计方向。综合植物与环境诸多要素的关系，指出植物景观设计的发展趋势是创造顺应自然演变规律，形成体现地域特征，展现生境特点的持久稳定的宜人的植物单体或群体的空间并提出建立体现科学背景、与当代自然观适应并汲取古今设计经验的植物景观设计观念。本文创新之处在于： 1、指出了到目前为止自然观、科学技术和艺术对植物景观设计观念、方法所产生的影响，指出今后发展方向的推动力，以及推动途径和方法。 2、对植物景观设计的观念和方法进行了全面系统的研究总结，阐释了可继承的设计手法。 3、研究强调借鉴其他领域的发展并恰当移植到本领域。能够将自然地理学、生态学等相关学科与专业分析结合起来以论述问题，提出以自然科学的思维方式研究植物景观设计方法（如：借用植物地理学中“指示作用”运用于植物景观设计方法）。 4、论文深入研究了生态学中生境的类型和植物特有的自然属性与功能，指出了具有可持续意义的植物景观设计观念与方法的发展趋势和设计的方向。本研究响应建设生态园林城市的号召，具有现实和学术前沿意义。

关键词：植物景观；自然观念；设计手法；功能；生境

 

Research on Tendency to the Landscape Plants Design

ABSTRACT: As an important natural element in landscape design, the vegetation is living and ceaselessly growing. So landscape plant is not replaceable element, which plays the important role in plant-landscape design. The author explores three important design tendencies to gardening, potted plant, natural plant design., regular models and irregular models and discovers the different from each other and merits among them. The article summarizes the developments of the style and mode of the plant-landscape and analyses the pictures data from historical documents and the films taken by author himself with the comparative method ,inductive method and the case-analysis method The author discusses the developing progress of the design concept, the landscape types and design method in the Ancient, Medical, Renaissances, André Le Notre, Picturesque and Gardensque, Arts and agafts, Modern and Naturalistic Planting Design, and further research on the desirable merits as a base for the future develop .The paper traces back to the subjective and the objective factors including deepening in the natural sense , the advance in technology and the rise in the art level which influence the landscape design and shows that these factors as above are the motive force of the development of the landscape design. The author put forward the new orientation to the landscape design after introduce of the modern technology into the landscape design. that should extend study scope from physical geography, ecology and so on. The author advances the developing tendency of the plant-landscape design following natural developing rule, forming a lasting stable one fold plant or group plant space which may reflect the features of the region and present the characteristics of the ecological environment through synthetically study on all the various factors and puts forward a design concept based on the function, the features of the region and the ecological environment There are new original ideas in article: 1. To put up the effect of the natural sense, science and technology and the art on the sense and the method in the landscape design up to now, the motive force of the development direction, approach and method of the landscape design. in future direction. 2. To summarize entirely the concept and technique of plant design, and explain the inheritable technique. 3. To emphasize using the development of other domain of science and technology for reference and to apply it in landscape-design. (for example: to utilize the reflection function of plant for design). 4. The thesis research deeply the ecological environment in physical geography and natural property, and points out the direction of plant design .The research responses the governmental calling upon the construction on eco-landscape city, having practical and reality significances.

Key words: plants design; natural concept; design technique; habitat; function