学位论文

北京郊野公园建设发展研究

陈美兰

摘要：20世纪60年代美国国家公园的概念引进到香港，启发并指导香港郊野公园的建设。1976年香港颁布了《郊野公园条例》，为建设、发展及管理郊野公园提供了法律依据，使得郊野公园发展成为不同于国家公园的一种独立、成熟的公园体系。20世纪90年代以后，受香港郊野公园规划成功模式的影响，我国部分发展速度比较快的城市纷纷开始规划和建设郊野公园。 2007年初，北京市按照城市总体规划开始启动 “郊野公园环”的建设，预期两年内将建成60处约4000公顷的公园，每隔3公里一处，实现郊野公园绕京城。目前一期建成并开放的有15处郊野公园。然而，由于北京郊野公园的建设发展尚处于探索阶段，存在着郊野公园的概念含混不清，在规划建设过程中缺乏科学的理论指导，因此，全面研究北京郊野公园的建设与发展显得十分重要和迫切。本文探讨了郊野公园概念、郊野公园的产生与发展，分析其产生背景与公园特色，总结出开发的成功经验与存在问题，采用了比较借鉴分析法和实证研究法对北京郊野公园的体系构建、保护与利用规划进行研究，从管理、规划设计和运营三个层面总结提出北京郊野公园的发展策略。

关键词：郊野公园；体系构建；规划设计；管理运营；北京市

 

Study on Construction and Development of Country Park in Beijing

ABSTRACT: The concept of National Park had been introduced into Hong Kong in 1960s, which inspired and instructed Country Park’s construction of Hong Kong. In 1976 the Country Park Ordinance was issued in Hong Kong. The ordinance provided legislative authority for country park’s construction, development and management. Thus country park system turned into a dependent and mature park system, which is different from National Park. Influenced by the successful planning mode of Country Park in Hong Kong, some relatively developed cities began to plan and construct Country Park since 1990s. At the beginning of 2007, according to the city comprehensive plan, Beijing started to build the Ring of Country Park. It is expected that sixty parks, 40 square kilometers in total, will be constructed in two years. The distance between each park is 3 kilometers, and thereupon the Country Park was distributed around Beijing. Now fifteen Country Parks were completed and opened after the 1st-phase construction. However, the construction of Country Park in Beijing is still at the exploratory stage. Vague conception, poor management and lack of scientific theoretical instruction are widespread problem. So extensively studying the construction of Beijing Country Park is important and urgent. The paper introduced the conception, the birth and development of Country Park, and revealed the relative and positive experience of the development process. To study the system-establishing, planning, designing, management and operating of Country Park in Beijing, we compare, analyze and sum up theories and case in the past. Finally, the paper puts forward the principle and advice for Country Park’s construction in Beijing.

Key words: Country Park; Establishing System; Planning and designing; Management and Operating; Beijing