学位论文

中英自然式园林艺术之比较研究

熊媛

摘要：中国与英国的古典园林分别作为东西方两大园林体系的代表，在各自的发展过程中都经历了萌芽、形成、发展和成熟时期。中国古典园林是指以北方皇家园林和江南私家园林为代表的中国山水园林，自南北朝时形成自然式的园林风格到中国园林古典时期结束（清末），其造园风格就未发生重大改变。而英国自然风景式园林直到18世纪上半期才冲破西方传统的规则式造园形式，以其特有的自然式设计手法迅速发展起来，成为近、现代西方园林艺术的主流，直至今天仍对世界园林艺术产生着重要的影响。可以说，英国自然风景式园林在世界园林史上开创了园林艺术新局面。更为巧合的是，在其发展过程中，它还受到了中国古典园林广泛而深刻的影响。因此，对中、英自然风格园林的对比研究，成为中、西园林艺术研究的重要课题之一。
论文运用平行比较和历史比较为主的综合研究方法，对中英自然风格园林的形成、发展及特点进行了全面、深入的研究，从自然环境、人文因素、历史背景、艺术特征、造园要素等方面分析了中英自然风格园林的异同。总的来说，中国的山水园与英国的风景园虽然同为自然式园林，但从本质上看，中、英自然式园林仍然是两种完全不同风格的园林艺术。中国山水园虽源于自然，却高于自然，反映了对自然美的高度概括，而英国风景园则更多地模仿自然，是自然的再现。
中英虽然空间距离遥远，文化背景迥异，园林形态也相差甚远，但在全球文化大融合的今天，如何在各自的民族传统基础上，进一步促进中英园林艺术和园林美学思想的交流与融合，开拓视野、互相包容、取长补短，共同构建更为完美的新型园林，便是我们应该深入思考的一个问题。

关键词：自然式，园林，对比，中国，英国

The Comparison of Chinese and English Natural Garden Arts

ABSTRACT:Chinese and English classical garden are representatives of east and west garden systems. They all experience the periods of germination, formation, development and matureness in their respective evolutions. Chinese classic garden means hill-water garden, taking northern Royal garden and private garden on the Yangtze Delta as representatives. From Northern and Southern Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the end of classical periods of Chinese garden, the style of natural hill-water gardening had no significant changes. English landscape garden, however, finally broke the western traditional regular gardening style till the 18th century. With its own natural design approaches, it developed quickly by its prosperous vitality and became the main current of west garden arts in modern times, which still make important influence on world garden arts. We can say that a new phase of garden arts was initiated by English landscape garden during the world garden history. Coincidentally, it was directly influenced by Chinese classical garden through its development process. Therefore, contrast researches about Chinese and English natural garden have become one of important topics of east and west garden arts researches.
The thesis made overall and in-depth researches about the formations, developments and characteristics of Chinese and English natural garden, using comprehensive research methods including parallelism comparisons and history comparisons. It analyzed the differences and similarities about Chinese and English natural garden from several aspects, such as natural environments, humanities factors, history backgrounds, art characteristics, gardening elements etc. Although Chinese and English garden both belong to natural style garden, they are still two kinds of totally different garden styles. Boring in nature, Chinese hill-water garden surpasses nature, reflecting the highly generalization of nature beauties. Whereas English landscape garden only imitates nature and represents nature.
Despite the far space distance, entirely different culture background, and distinct garden configuration between Chinese and English landscape architects, the trend of globalization provides us opportunities to communicate and learn from each other. How to create a new garden type by using others’ diverse ideas as well as preserving ourselves’ culture feature should be considered.

Key words: natural style, garden, contrast, China, England